diff --git a/src/main/java/org/runnect/server/common/constant/SuccessStatus.java b/src/main/java/org/runnect/server/common/constant/SuccessStatus.java
index 81c0d77..911bdff 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/runnect/server/common/constant/SuccessStatus.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/runnect/server/common/constant/SuccessStatus.java
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ public enum SuccessStatus {
     GET_RECORD_SUCCESS(HttpStatus.OK, "활동 기록 조회 성공"),
     GET_RECORD_RANKING_SUCCESS(HttpStatus.OK, "코스 기록 랭킹 조회 성공"),
     GET_MY_RECORD_RANKING_SUCCESS(HttpStatus.OK, "내 코스 기록 랭킹 조회 성공"),
+    BACKFILL_RANKING_SUCCESS(HttpStatus.OK, "코스 기록 랭킹 백필 성공"),
     GET_COURSE_LIST_BY_USER_SUCCESS(HttpStatus.OK, "내가 그린 코스 리스트 조회에 성공했습니다."),
     GET_SCRAP_COURSE_BY_USER_SUCCESS(HttpStatus.OK, "스크랩한 코스 조회 성공"),
     GET_COURSE_DETAIL_SUCCESS(HttpStatus.OK, "코스 상세 조회에 성공했습니다."),
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/runnect/server/record/repository/RecordRepository.java b/src/main/java/org/runnect/server/record/repository/RecordRepository.java
index fe2c80f..d454179 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/runnect/server/record/repository/RecordRepository.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/runnect/server/record/repository/RecordRepository.java
@@ -23,6 +23,10 @@ public interface RecordRepository extends Repository<Record, Long> {
 
     Optional<Record> findById(Long recordId);
 
+    // 코스별 기록 랭킹(Redis) 백필용 — 공개 코스에 연결된 기록만 대상으로 함
+    @Query("SELECT r FROM Record r JOIN FETCH r.runnectUser JOIN FETCH r.publicCourse WHERE r.publicCourse IS NOT NULL")
+    List<Record> findAllByPublicCourseIsNotNull();
+
     long countByRunnectUser(RunnectUser runnectUser);
 
     List<Record> findByIdIn(Collection<Long> ids);
diff --git a/src/main/kotlin/org/runnect/server/ranking/controller/RecordRankingController.kt b/src/main/kotlin/org/runnect/server/ranking/controller/RecordRankingController.kt
index f60e229..a5510c8 100644
--- a/src/main/kotlin/org/runnect/server/ranking/controller/RecordRankingController.kt
+++ b/src/main/kotlin/org/runnect/server/ranking/controller/RecordRankingController.kt
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import org.runnect.server.ranking.service.RecordRankingService
 import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus
 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping
 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable
+import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping
 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping
 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam
 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseStatus
@@ -18,6 +19,15 @@ class RecordRankingController(
     private val recordRankingService: RecordRankingService,
 ) {
 
+    // 배포 시 1회성으로 실행하는 운영용 백필 엔드포인트. 인증 없이 열려있지만
+    // ZADD LT라 여러 번 실행해도 안전(idempotent)하다. 값을 반환할 뿐 파괴적 동작은 없다.
+    @PostMapping("internal/ranking/backfill")
+    @ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.OK)
+    fun backfillRanking() = ApiResponseDto.success(
+        SuccessStatus.BACKFILL_RANKING_SUCCESS,
+        mapOf("updatedCount" to recordRankingService.backfillAll()),
+    )
+
     @GetMapping("course/{courseId}/ranking")
     @ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.OK)
     fun getRanking(
diff --git a/src/main/kotlin/org/runnect/server/ranking/service/RecordRankingService.kt b/src/main/kotlin/org/runnect/server/ranking/service/RecordRankingService.kt
index f05bdea..a0964a3 100644
--- a/src/main/kotlin/org/runnect/server/ranking/service/RecordRankingService.kt
+++ b/src/main/kotlin/org/runnect/server/ranking/service/RecordRankingService.kt
@@ -48,6 +48,18 @@ class RecordRankingService(
         return updated
     }
 
+    /**
+     * 이 랭킹 기능이 배포되기 전에 이미 쌓여있던 완주 기록을 Redis로 백필한다.
+     * 신규 기능 배포 시 1회성으로 실행하는 운영 작업 — 몇 번을 다시 돌려도
+     * ZADD LT가 "더 느린 기록이면 무시"하므로 안전하다(idempotent).
+     */
+    fun backfillAll(): Int {
+        val records = recordRepository.findAllByPublicCourseIsNotNull()
+        return records.count { record ->
+            updateBestRecord(record.publicCourse.id, record.runnectUser.id, record.id, record.time)
+        }
+    }
+
     fun getRanking(courseId: Long, limit: Long): RankingListResponse {
         val zSetOps = stringRedisTemplate.opsForZSet()
         val totalCount = zSetOps.zCard(rankingKey(courseId)) ?: 0L
diff --git a/src/test/kotlin/org/runnect/server/ranking/service/RecordRankingServiceTest.kt b/src/test/kotlin/org/runnect/server/ranking/service/RecordRankingServiceTest.kt
index 5fd4630..6d1e177 100644
--- a/src/test/kotlin/org/runnect/server/ranking/service/RecordRankingServiceTest.kt
+++ b/src/test/kotlin/org/runnect/server/ranking/service/RecordRankingServiceTest.kt
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import org.mockito.junit.jupiter.MockitoExtension
 import org.mockito.kotlin.any
 import org.mockito.kotlin.whenever
 import org.runnect.server.course.entity.Course
+import org.runnect.server.publicCourse.entity.PublicCourse
 import org.runnect.server.record.entity.Record
 import org.runnect.server.record.repository.RecordRepository
 import org.runnect.server.user.entity.RunnectUser
@@ -115,6 +116,49 @@ class RecordRankingServiceTest {
         assertThat(myRanking.rank).isNull()
     }
 
+    @Test
+    fun `backfillAll은 publicCourse가 있는 기록만 대상으로 랭킹을 갱신하고 실제 갱신된 개수를 반환한다`() {
+        val user1 = buildUser(1L, "런너A")
+        val user2 = buildUser(2L, "런너B")
+        val recordWithPublicCourse1 = buildRecordWithPublicCourse(id = 100L, owner = user1, publicCourseId = 1L)
+        val recordWithPublicCourse2 = buildRecordWithPublicCourse(id = 101L, owner = user2, publicCourseId = 1L)
+
+        whenever(recordRepository.findAllByPublicCourseIsNotNull())
+            .thenReturn(listOf(recordWithPublicCourse1, recordWithPublicCourse2))
+
+        val hashOps: HashOperations<String, String, String> = mock(HashOperations::class.java) as HashOperations<String, String, String>
+        whenever(stringRedisTemplate.opsForHash<String, String>()).thenReturn(hashOps)
+        // 첫 번째 기록만 실제로 더 빠른 기록으로 갱신되고, 두 번째는 갱신되지 않는 상황을 시뮬레이션
+        whenever(stringRedisTemplate.execute(any<RedisCallback<Boolean>>()))
+            .thenReturn(true)
+            .thenReturn(false)
+
+        val updatedCount = service.backfillAll()
+
+        assertThat(updatedCount).isEqualTo(1)
+    }
+
+    private fun buildRecordWithPublicCourse(id: Long, owner: RunnectUser, publicCourseId: Long): Record {
+        val course = buildCourse(id + 1000, owner)
+        val publicCourse = PublicCourse.builder()
+            .course(course)
+            .title("공개 코스")
+            .description("설명")
+            .build()
+        ReflectionTestUtils.setField(publicCourse, "id", publicCourseId)
+
+        val record = Record.builder()
+            .runnectUser(owner)
+            .course(course)
+            .publicCourse(publicCourse)
+            .title("퇴근길 러닝")
+            .pace(Time.valueOf("00:05:30"))
+            .time(Time.valueOf("00:25:00"))
+            .build()
+        ReflectionTestUtils.setField(record, "id", id)
+        return record
+    }
+
     private fun buildUser(id: Long, nickname: String): RunnectUser {
         val user = RunnectUser.builder()
             .nickname(nickname)