Antalya 26.6 Backport of #109199 - Fix alter with custom disk

[ilejn]

Changelog category (leave one):

• Bug Fix (user-visible misbehavior in an official stable release)

Changelog entry (a user-readable short description of the changes that goes to CHANGELOG.md):

This patch fixes ALTERS for MergeTree tables for which the disk setting was specified (ClickHouse#109199 by @Michicosun)

CI/CD Options

Exclude tests:

• Fast test
• Integration Tests
• Stateless tests
• Stateful tests
• Performance tests
• Aarch64 tests
• All with ASAN
• All with TSAN
• All with MSAN
• All with UBSAN
• All with Coverage
• All Regression
• Disable CI Cache

Regression jobs to run:

• Fast suites (mostly <1h)
• Aggregate Functions (2h)
• Alter (1.5h)
• Benchmark (30m)
• CAS (content-addressed storage; Antalya only)
• ClickHouse Keeper (1h)
• Iceberg (2h)
• LDAP (1h)
• OAuth (5m)
• Parquet (1.5h)
• RBAC (1.5h)
• SSL Server (1h)
• S3 (2h)
• S3 Export (2h)
• Swarms (30m)
• Tiered Storage (2h)

[github-actions]

Workflow [PR], commit [ae18875]

[ilejn]

Attn @zvonand
This PR substitutes #2241

[ilejn]

Failing tests are unlikely caused by the PR, look like infra issues e.g.

random/select/slt_good_108.test:25327
    Reason: actual result has exception and canonic result doesn't, details: actual: query execution failed with an exception, original is: Code: 241.
DB::Exception: (total) memory limit exceeded: would use 1.37 GiB (attempt to allocate chunk of 0.00 B), current RSS: 26.00 GiB, maximum: 25.91 GiB.. Stack trace: