refactor(storage): extract storage into an independent Go module

[sthanikan2000]

Summary

• Gives storage its own go.mod (github.com/OpenNSW/core/storage), matching the pattern already used for authn, authz, shared, remote, secret, database, payment, pagination, trace, and uiprojector.
• No source changes. storage keeps its current authn dependency for now — this is purely a module-boundary change, sequenced deliberately before refactor(storage)!: decouple storage from authn via a Principal/Extractor interface #158 (the authn-decoupling breaking change).
• Adds a storage-module CI job mirroring authn-module, and lists /storage in dependabot.yml.
• Root's go.mod/go.sum drop authn and its transitive golang-jwt/jwt/v5 dependency, since storage was the only in-repo consumer and now carries that requirement itself.

Why this order

Landing this first lets storage ship as a non-breaking v0.1.0: existing downstream importers only need to add an explicit require github.com/OpenNSW/core/storage vX.Y.Z to their own go.mod — no code changes. The authn → Principal/Extractor interface change (#158, already open) is a real breaking API change (new required constructor param, new error return), so it's deferred to a follow-up release (e.g. v0.2.0) that downstream repos can pick up on their own schedule, after they've already absorbed the module split.

Once this merges and storage/v0.1.0 is tagged, #158 will be rebased on top of it.

Test plan

• cd storage && go build ./... && go vet ./... && go test ./... -v — all pass, module builds standalone
• Root go build ./... and go mod tidy — clean, root module unaffected
• .github/workflows/ci.yml YAML validated; new storage-module job mirrors authn-module exactly
• Pre-commit/pre-push hooks (gitleaks, race tests) passed locally

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

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