🌐 [translation-sync] FIX: seven source-side defects in python_by_example, functions, numpy and pandas

[mmcky]

Automated Translation Sync

This PR contains automated translations from QuantEcon/lecture-python-programming.

Source PR

#604 - FIX: seven source-side defects in python_by_example, functions, numpy and pandas

Files Updated

• ✏️ lectures/functions.md
• ✏️ .translate/state/functions.md.yml
• ✏️ lectures/pandas.md
• ✏️ .translate/state/pandas.md.yml
• ✏️ lectures/python_by_example.md
• ✏️ .translate/state/python_by_example.md.yml

Details

• Source Language: en
• Target Language: fr
• Model: claude-sonnet-5

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This PR was created automatically by the translation action.

[github-actions]

✅ Translation Quality Review

Verdict: PASS | Model: claude-sonnet-5 | Date: 2026-08-05
Routing: editor — 1 minor finding(s) in gating categories (accuracy/terminology/syntax/diff-check/other)
Shadow gate: would NOT auto-merge (recorded only; no action taken)

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📝 Translation Quality

Criterion	Score
Accuracy	9/10
Fluency	9/10
Terminology	9/10
Formatting	10/10
Overall	9.2/10

Summary: The translation of the changed sections is accurate, fluent, and terminologically consistent with the glossary. Minor stylistic issues remain around occasional direct reader address ('vous') that could be rendered more impersonally per the specified academic register, but these do not impede comprehension. No syntax or structural errors were found in the modified sections. Consistent and accurate use of glossary terminology (e.g., 'Loi normale centrée réduite', 'Tirages aléatoires', 'Chaîne de Markov'-style precision maintained elsewhere) Faithful preservation of code blocks, math notation, and MyST directive syntax throughout the changed sections Correct French typography applied (non-breaking spaces before high punctuation, appropriate translation of descriptive symbols like 'aire = π * rayon²') Good restructuring of long English sentences into clearer French ones in the Overview and Random Draws sections

Suggestions:

• [minor · fluency] lectures/pandas.md — ### Accessing Data with requests: The English 'Assuming that all is working, you can now proceed to build...' is translated as 'En supposant que tout fonctionne, vous pouvez maintenant construire...' — this is acceptable, but per the style policy of avoiding direct reader address in academic register, a more impersonal phrasing could be used, e.g. 'Si tout fonctionne, il est possible de construire...' → Si tout fonctionne correctement, il est possible de construire à présent l'objet source...
• [minor · fluency] lectures/pandas.md — ### Make Changes in DataFrames: 'La capacité d'effectuer des modifications dans les dataframes est importante...' is a slightly literal rendering of 'The ability to make changes in dataframes is important...'; a more natural French phrasing would flow better. → Pouvoir modifier les dataframes est une étape importante pour générer un jeu de données propre en vue d'analyses futures.
• [minor · accuracy] lectures/functions.md — ## Recursive Function Calls (Advanced): The English 'This is an advanced topic that you should feel free to skip' has been translated as 'Ceci est un sujet avancé que vous pouvez ignorer sans problème', which uses direct address ('vous'), inconsistent with the style guide's preference for impersonal academic register. → Il s'agit d'un sujet avancé qu'il est possible d'ignorer sans problème.
• [nit · fluency] lectures/python_by_example.md — ### While Loops: The comment translation 'la condition de fin de la boucle while' is accurate but slightly verbose compared to the concise English '#the ending condition for the while loop'; acceptable as is, minor stylistic note only.

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🔍 Diff Quality

Check	Status
Scope Correct	✅
Position Correct	✅
Structure Preserved	✅
Heading-map Correct	✅
Overall	10/10

Summary: Several source code and prose changes (LIFO/FILO wording, isinstance/pd.isna refactors, df.where argument addition) were not propagated to the target document's code cells and text.

Issues:

• functions.md: Source changed 'First In Last Out (FILO) queue' to 'last-in, first-out (LIFO) data structure' but target still says 'file d'attente First In Last Out (FILO)' - not synced
• pandas.md: Source code changed 'type(x)!=str' to 'not isinstance(x, str)' in two code cells, but target code cells still contain the old 'type(x)!=str' syntax
• pandas.md: Source code changed 'np.isnan(x)' to 'pd.isna(x)' but target code cell still contains 'np.isnan(x)'
• pandas.md: Source changed 'df.where(df.POP >= 20000)' to 'df.where(df.POP >= 20000, False)' but target code cell still shows the old single-argument version

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This review was generated automatically by action-translation review mode.

[Copilot]

Pull request overview

Synchronise la version française avec le correctif source (PR QuantEcon/lecture-python-programming#604) en appliquant plusieurs ajustements de contenu dans les cours (Python par l’exemple, fonctions, pandas) et en mettant à jour les métadonnées de synchronisation de traduction.

Changes:

• Nettoyage de la mise en forme (suppression de lignes vides parasites, ajustements de ponctuation/inline-code) dans python_by_example.md et functions.md.
• Corrections d’exemples et de formulation dans pandas.md (notamment where(...) et traitement de valeurs manquantes via pd.isna).
• Mise à jour des fichiers d’état .translate/state/*.yml (SHA source, date de sync, modèle, version d’outil).

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 6 out of 6 changed files in this pull request and generated 1 comment.

Show a summary per file

File	Description
lectures/python_by_example.md	Ajustements de mise en forme et clarification de l’explication de la boucle while.
lectures/pandas.md	Corrections d’exemples (where/NaN, isinstance, pd.isna) et reformulations associées.
lectures/functions.md	Nettoyage de mise en forme et correction de terminologie (LIFO).
.translate/state/python_by_example.md.yml	Mise à jour des métadonnées de synchronisation de traduction.
.translate/state/pandas.md.yml	Mise à jour des métadonnées de synchronisation de traduction.
.translate/state/functions.md.yml	Mise à jour des métadonnées de synchronisation de traduction.

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[github-actions]

📖 Netlify Preview Ready!

Preview URL: https://pr-29--verdant-toffee-3261a8.netlify.app

Commit: b0777cb

📚 Changed Lectures

• functions
• pandas
• python_by_example

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Build Info

• Workflow: Build Project [using jupyter-book]

[mmcky]

Notes from reviewing the zh-cn counterpart of this same sync round (.zh-cn#86, now merged). Three things worth knowing before this one is reviewed.

numpy.md is missing from this PR

Upstream QuantEcon/lecture-python-programming#604 changed lectures/numpy.md in four places, and this edition has lectures/numpy.md, but neither it nor .translate/state/numpy.md.yml appears in the diff. On main today the state file still reads source-sha: a2b929f, synced-at: "2026-07-14", tool-version: 0.15.0 — it was never advanced to aacff38.

Three of the four items happen to be no-ops in French, which is why this is easy to miss:

Upstream item	French status
space after --- at the np.loadtxt line	already spaced both sides at numpy.md:240 ✅
**Part1** → **Part 1**	already **Partie 1** / **Partie 2** at :1428 / :1447 ✅
Numpy → NumPy	already correct at :1424 ✅
prose discreteRV → DiscreteRV	still discreteRV at :1292 ❌

So one real fix is outstanding, and the state file is stale regardless. The concerning part is not the single missed word — it is that the file was skipped wholesale rather than evaluated and found to be a near-no-op. That is the silent-omission class from QuantEcon/action-translation#222 and #90.

The scope is wider than #604

Unlike the zh-cn counterpart, this is a catch-up sync: pandas.md moves from 02e57a5, and functions.md / python_by_example.md from 1b356ab / 3241a07, all to aacff38. It therefore carries intermediate upstream commits as well as #604 — for example df.where(df.POP >= 20000, False) → df.where(df.POP >= 20000) with its accompanying prose change from "n'importe quelles autres valeurs" to "NaN", which is not part of #604 at all.

Reviewing this against #604's diff alone will read as unexplained scope drift. It should be reviewed against the full commit ranges instead.

One line looks unchanged but is not

In python_by_example.md, the pair around "Pour le moment, retenons simplement que :" renders identically on both sides of the diff. The only difference is at character 130: the + side has U+00A0 where the - side has a plain space, i.e. the non-breaking space before the colon that French typography requires. That is the typography transform working correctly — not diff noise, and worth not "cleaning up".

Minor, in the same file: i == ts_length # la condition de fin → #la condition de fin, which mirrors the English comment's missing space after #.

[mmcky]

Follow-up with the decisive evidence for the numpy.md point above — it is a clean reproduction rather than an inference.

This PR's translation-sync-metadata block lists four files (functions.md, numpy.md, pandas.md, python_by_example.md). The "Files Updated" section lists three, and the diff carries those same three. So numpy.md was attempted and recorded, then dropped without any disclosure in the body, the checks, or the review verdict.

That is the signature of QuantEcon/action-translation#90's mode 3, where I have written it up in full. The sibling sync of the same source PR into .zh-cn carried all four files correctly, so it looks per-run rather than anything about this file or this source diff.

Practical upshot for reviewing this PR: it can be merged on its own merits — the three delivered files are correct — but numpy.md needs a follow-up sync, and .translate/state/numpy.md.yml is stale at a2b929f until that happens.