microsoft · Dmitry Gozman (dgozman) · Sep 2, 2026 · Sep 2, 2026
diff --git a/dotnet/docs/api-testing.mdx b/dotnet/docs/api-testing.mdx
diff --git a/dotnet/docs/api/class-apirequestcontext.mdx b/dotnet/docs/api/class-apirequestcontext.mdx
@@ -562,6 +562,9 @@ await ApiRequestContext.StorageStateAsync(options);
   - `IndexedDB` [bool]? *(optional)* <font size="2">Added in: v1.51</font><a aria-hidden="true" tabIndex="-1" class="list-anchor-link" id="api-request-context-storage-state-option-indexed-db"/><a href="#api-request-context-storage-state-option-indexed-db" class="list-anchor">#</a>
 
     Set to `true` to include IndexedDB in the storage state snapshot.
+  - `Opfs` [bool]? *(optional)* <font size="2">Added in: v1.63</font><a aria-hidden="true" tabIndex="-1" class="list-anchor-link" id="api-request-context-storage-state-option-opfs"/><a href="#api-request-context-storage-state-option-opfs" class="list-anchor">#</a>
+
+    Set to `true` to include the origin private file system in the storage state snapshot.
   - `Path` [string]? *(optional)*<a aria-hidden="true" tabIndex="-1" class="list-anchor-link" id="api-request-context-storage-state-option-path"/><a href="#api-request-context-storage-state-option-path" class="list-anchor">#</a>
 
     The file path to save the storage state to. If [Path](/api/class-apirequestcontext.mdx#api-request-context-storage-state-option-path) is a relative path, then it is resolved relative to current working directory. If no path is provided, storage state is still returned, but won't be saved to the disk.

diff --git a/dotnet/docs/api/class-browser.mdx b/dotnet/docs/api/class-browser.mdx
@@ -311,9 +311,6 @@ await browser.CloseAsync();
   - `Permissions` [IEnumerable]?&lt;[string]&gt; *(optional)*<a aria-hidden="true" tabIndex="-1" class="list-anchor-link" id="browser-new-context-option-permissions"/><a href="#browser-new-context-option-permissions" class="list-anchor">#</a>
 
     A list of permissions to grant to all pages in this context. See [BrowserContext.GrantPermissionsAsync()](/api/class-browsercontext.mdx#browser-context-grant-permissions) for more details. Defaults to none.
-  - `PierceFrames` [bool]? *(optional)*<a aria-hidden="true" tabIndex="-1" class="list-anchor-link" id="browser-new-context-option-pierce-frames"/><a href="#browser-new-context-option-pierce-frames" class="list-anchor">#</a>
-
-    If set to true, all selectors in this context will pierce frames by default, as if every locator was created through [Page.PierceFrames()](/api/class-page.mdx#page-pierce-frames). Defaults to `false`.
   - `Proxy` Proxy? *(optional)*<a aria-hidden="true" tabIndex="-1" class="list-anchor-link" id="browser-new-context-option-proxy"/><a href="#browser-new-context-option-proxy" class="list-anchor">#</a>
     - `Server` [string]
 
@@ -536,9 +533,6 @@ await Browser.NewPageAsync(options);
   - `Permissions` [IEnumerable]?&lt;[string]&gt; *(optional)*<a aria-hidden="true" tabIndex="-1" class="list-anchor-link" id="browser-new-page-option-permissions"/><a href="#browser-new-page-option-permissions" class="list-anchor">#</a>
 
     A list of permissions to grant to all pages in this context. See [BrowserContext.GrantPermissionsAsync()](/api/class-browsercontext.mdx#browser-context-grant-permissions) for more details. Defaults to none.
-  - `PierceFrames` [bool]? *(optional)*<a aria-hidden="true" tabIndex="-1" class="list-anchor-link" id="browser-new-page-option-pierce-frames"/><a href="#browser-new-page-option-pierce-frames" class="list-anchor">#</a>
-
-    If set to true, all selectors in this context will pierce frames by default, as if every locator was created through [Page.PierceFrames()](/api/class-page.mdx#page-pierce-frames). Defaults to `false`.
   - `Proxy` Proxy? *(optional)*<a aria-hidden="true" tabIndex="-1" class="list-anchor-link" id="browser-new-page-option-proxy"/><a href="#browser-new-page-option-proxy" class="list-anchor">#</a>
     - `Server` [string]
 

diff --git a/dotnet/docs/api/class-browsercontext.mdx b/dotnet/docs/api/class-browsercontext.mdx
@@ -903,7 +903,7 @@ await BrowserContext.SetOfflineAsync(offline);
 
 <font size="2" style={{position: "relative", top: "-20px"}}>Added in: v1.59</font><x-search>browserContext.SetStorageStateAsync</x-search>
 
-Clears the existing cookies, local storage, IndexedDB entries and virtual WebAuthn credentials, and sets the new storage state. When the storage state contains credentials, the virtual WebAuthn authenticator is installed (equivalent to [Credentials.InstallAsync()](/api/class-credentials.mdx#credentials-install)), preventing all real authenticators from working in this context.
+Clears the existing cookies, local storage, IndexedDB entries, origin private file system entries and virtual WebAuthn credentials, and sets the new storage state. When the storage state contains credentials, the virtual WebAuthn authenticator is installed (equivalent to [Credentials.InstallAsync()](/api/class-credentials.mdx#credentials-install)), preventing all real authenticators from working in this context.
 
 **Usage**
 
@@ -926,7 +926,7 @@ await context.SetStorageStateAsync("state.json");
 
 <font size="2" style={{position: "relative", top: "-20px"}}>Added before v1.9</font><x-search>browserContext.StorageStateAsync</x-search>
 
-Returns storage state for this browser context, contains current cookies, local storage snapshot, IndexedDB snapshot and virtual WebAuthn credentials.
+Returns storage state for this browser context, contains current cookies, local storage snapshot, IndexedDB snapshot, origin private file system snapshot and virtual WebAuthn credentials.
 
 **Usage**
 
@@ -942,6 +942,15 @@ await BrowserContext.StorageStateAsync(options);
   - `IndexedDB` [bool]? *(optional)* <font size="2">Added in: v1.51</font><a aria-hidden="true" tabIndex="-1" class="list-anchor-link" id="browser-context-storage-state-option-indexed-db"/><a href="#browser-context-storage-state-option-indexed-db" class="list-anchor">#</a>
 
     Set to `true` to include [IndexedDB](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/IndexedDB_API) in the storage state snapshot. If your application uses IndexedDB to store authentication tokens, like Firebase Authentication, enable this.
+  - `Opfs` [bool]? *(optional)* <font size="2">Added in: v1.63</font><a aria-hidden="true" tabIndex="-1" class="list-anchor-link" id="browser-context-storage-state-option-opfs"/><a href="#browser-context-storage-state-option-opfs" class="list-anchor">#</a>
+
+    Set to `true` to include the [origin private file system](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/File_System_API/Origin_private_file_system) in the storage state snapshot.
+
+    :::note
+
+    OPFS is currently not supported in ephemeral WebKit contexts.
+    :::
+
   - `Path` [string]? *(optional)*<a aria-hidden="true" tabIndex="-1" class="list-anchor-link" id="browser-context-storage-state-option-path"/><a href="#browser-context-storage-state-option-path" class="list-anchor">#</a>
 
     The file path to save the storage state to. If [Path](/api/class-browsercontext.mdx#browser-context-storage-state-option-path) is a relative path, then it is resolved relative to current working directory. If no path is provided, storage state is still returned, but won't be saved to the disk.

diff --git a/dotnet/docs/api/class-browsertype.mdx b/dotnet/docs/api/class-browsertype.mdx
@@ -461,9 +461,6 @@ await BrowserType.LaunchPersistentContextAsync(userDataDir, options);
   - `Permissions` [IEnumerable]?&lt;[string]&gt; *(optional)*<a aria-hidden="true" tabIndex="-1" class="list-anchor-link" id="browser-type-launch-persistent-context-option-permissions"/><a href="#browser-type-launch-persistent-context-option-permissions" class="list-anchor">#</a>
 
     A list of permissions to grant to all pages in this context. See [BrowserContext.GrantPermissionsAsync()](/api/class-browsercontext.mdx#browser-context-grant-permissions) for more details. Defaults to none.
-  - `PierceFrames` [bool]? *(optional)*<a aria-hidden="true" tabIndex="-1" class="list-anchor-link" id="browser-type-launch-persistent-context-option-pierce-frames"/><a href="#browser-type-launch-persistent-context-option-pierce-frames" class="list-anchor">#</a>
-
-    If set to true, all selectors in this context will pierce frames by default, as if every locator was created through [Page.PierceFrames()](/api/class-page.mdx#page-pierce-frames). Defaults to `false`.
   - `Proxy` Proxy? *(optional)*<a aria-hidden="true" tabIndex="-1" class="list-anchor-link" id="browser-type-launch-persistent-context-option-proxy"/><a href="#browser-type-launch-persistent-context-option-proxy" class="list-anchor">#</a>
     - `Server` [string]
 

diff --git a/dotnet/docs/api/class-frame.mdx b/dotnet/docs/api/class-frame.mdx
@@ -328,6 +328,8 @@ Console.WriteLine(frame == contentFrame); // -> True
 
 When working with iframes, you can create a frame locator that will enter the iframe and allow selecting elements in that iframe.
 
+When called without [selector](/api/class-frame.mdx#frame-frame-locator-option-selector), the search starts in this frame or in any of the iframes inside it, so that you don't need to locate each iframe first. Note that the rest of the locator is resolved inside a single frame, just like any other locator. If it matches elements inside multiple frames, an error is thrown.
+
 **Usage**
 
 Following snippet locates element with text "Submit" in the iframe with id `my-frame`, like `<iframe id="my-frame">`:
@@ -337,10 +339,17 @@ var locator = frame.FrameLocator("#my-iframe").GetByText("Submit");
 await locator.ClickAsync();
 ```
 
+Following snippet locates a button, either in the frame or in one of the iframes inside it:
+
+```csharp
+var locator = frame.FrameLocator().GetByRole(AriaRole.Button);
+await locator.ClickAsync();
+```
+
 **Arguments**
-- `selector` [string]<a aria-hidden="true" tabIndex="-1" class="list-anchor-link" id="frame-frame-locator-option-selector"/><a href="#frame-frame-locator-option-selector" class="list-anchor">#</a>
+- `selector` [string]? *(optional)*<a aria-hidden="true" tabIndex="-1" class="list-anchor-link" id="frame-frame-locator-option-selector"/><a href="#frame-frame-locator-option-selector" class="list-anchor">#</a>
 
-  A selector to use when resolving DOM element.
+  A selector that matches the frame element. When not specified, locator is matched in this frame or in any of the iframes inside it.
 
 **Returns**
 - [FrameLocator]<a aria-hidden="true" tabIndex="-1" class="list-anchor-link" id="frame-frame-locator-return"/><a href="#frame-frame-locator-return" class="list-anchor">#</a>
@@ -883,34 +892,6 @@ Frame.ParentFrame
 
 ---
 
-### PierceFrames {/* #frame-pierce-frames */}
-
-<font size="2" style={{position: "relative", top: "-20px"}}>Added in: v1.63</font><x-search>frame.PierceFrames</x-search>
-
-When working with iframes, you can create a frame locator that will search for elements in this frame and in all iframes inside it, so that you don't need to locate each iframe first.
-
-Note that all elements matching the locator must belong to a single frame. For example, if the frame contains two iframes, each with a `Submit` button, piercing frames and locating a button will throw an error because it matches elements from multiple frames.
-
-**Usage**
-
-Following snippet locates a button, either in the frame or in one of the iframes inside it:
-
-```csharp
-var locator = frame.PierceFrames.GetByRole(AriaRole.Button);
-await locator.ClickAsync();
-```
-
-**Arguments**
-- `options` `FramePierceFramesOptions?` *(optional)*
-  - `Pierce` [bool]? *(optional)*<a aria-hidden="true" tabIndex="-1" class="list-anchor-link" id="frame-pierce-frames-option-pierce"/><a href="#frame-pierce-frames-option-pierce" class="list-anchor">#</a>
-
-    Whether to pierce frames. Pass `false` to opt out of frame piercing enabled by the [PierceFrames](/api/class-browser.mdx#browser-new-context-option-pierce-frames) context option. Defaults to `true`.
-
-**Returns**
-- [FrameLocator]<a aria-hidden="true" tabIndex="-1" class="list-anchor-link" id="frame-pierce-frames-return"/><a href="#frame-pierce-frames-return" class="list-anchor">#</a>
-
----
-
 ### SetContentAsync {/* #frame-set-content */}
 
 <font size="2" style={{position: "relative", top: "-20px"}}>Added before v1.9</font><x-search>frame.SetContentAsync</x-search>

diff --git a/dotnet/docs/api/class-framelocator.mdx b/dotnet/docs/api/class-framelocator.mdx
@@ -26,6 +26,22 @@ await page.Locator(".result-frame").ContentFrame.GetByRole(AriaRole.Button).Clic
 await page.Locator(".result-frame").First.ContentFrame.getByRole(AriaRole.Button).ClickAsync();
 ```
 
+**Any frame**
+
+Calling [Page.FrameLocator()](/api/class-page.mdx#page-frame-locator) or [Frame.FrameLocator()](/api/class-frame.mdx#frame-frame-locator) without a selector creates a frame locator that starts the search in any frame of the subtree - so that you don't need to locate the iframe first.
+
+```csharp
+// Finds the button in any frame on the page:
+await page.FrameLocator().GetByRole(AriaRole.Button).ClickAsync();
+
+// Finds the iframe with id "my-frame" anywhere on the page, and clicks the button inside it:
+await page.FrameLocator().Locator("#my-frame").ContentFrame.GetByRole(AriaRole.Button).ClickAsync();
+```
+
+Only the start of the search is affected - the rest of the locator is resolved inside a single frame, just like any other locator. Following the strictness rules above, an error is thrown when elements are matched in multiple frames.
+
+Such a frame locator does not point to a particular `iframe`, so [FrameLocator.Owner](/api/class-framelocator.mdx#frame-locator-owner), [FrameLocator.First](/api/class-framelocator.mdx#frame-locator-first), [FrameLocator.Last](/api/class-framelocator.mdx#frame-locator-last) and [FrameLocator.Nth()](/api/class-framelocator.mdx#frame-locator-nth) are not supported on it.
+
 **Converting Locator to FrameLocator**
 
 If you have a [Locator] object pointing to an `iframe` it can be converted to [FrameLocator] using [Locator.ContentFrame](/api/class-locator.mdx#locator-content-frame).

diff --git a/dotnet/docs/api/class-locator.mdx b/dotnet/docs/api/class-locator.mdx
@@ -980,7 +980,7 @@ await rowLocator
     Matches elements containing specified text somewhere inside, possibly in a child or a descendant element. When passed a [string], matching is case-insensitive and searches for a substring. For example, `"Playwright"` matches `<article><div>Playwright</div></article>`.
   - `Visible` [bool]? *(optional)* <font size="2">Added in: v1.51</font><a aria-hidden="true" tabIndex="-1" class="list-anchor-link" id="locator-filter-option-visible"/><a href="#locator-filter-option-visible" class="list-anchor">#</a>
 
-    Only matches visible or invisible elements.
+    Only matches visible or invisible elements. Prefer the [Locator.Visible](/api/class-locator.mdx#locator-visible) shortcut when matching only visible elements.
 
 **Returns**
 - [Locator]<a aria-hidden="true" tabIndex="-1" class="list-anchor-link" id="locator-filter-return"/><a href="#locator-filter-return" class="list-anchor">#</a>
@@ -2511,6 +2511,36 @@ When all steps combined have not finished during the specified [Timeout](/api/cl
 
 ---
 
+### Visible {/* #locator-visible */}
+
+<font size="2" style={{position: "relative", top: "-20px"}}>Added in: v1.63</font><x-search>locator.Visible</x-search>
+
+Returns a locator that matches only [visible](../actionability.mdx#visible) elements, ignoring the invisible ones. This is the recommended way to distinguish elements by visibility, as opposed to the `:visible` CSS pseudo-class.
+
+Note that visibility is checked every time the locator is used, and not at the moment of the [Locator.Visible](/api/class-locator.mdx#locator-visible) call.
+
+**Usage**
+
+Consider a page with two buttons, the first invisible and the second visible.
+
+```html
+<button style='display: none'>Invisible</button>
+<button>Visible</button>
+```
+
+This will only find the second button, because it is visible, and then click it.
+
+```csharp
+await page.Locator("button").Visible.ClickAsync();
+```
+
+To match invisible elements instead, use [Locator.Filter()](/api/class-locator.mdx#locator-filter) with the [Visible](/api/class-locator.mdx#locator-filter-option-visible) option set to `false`.
+
+**Returns**
+- [Locator]<a aria-hidden="true" tabIndex="-1" class="list-anchor-link" id="locator-visible-return"/><a href="#locator-visible-return" class="list-anchor">#</a>
+
+---
+
 ### WaitForAsync {/* #locator-wait-for */}
 
 <font size="2" style={{position: "relative", top: "-20px"}}>Added in: v1.16</font><x-search>locator.WaitForAsync</x-search>

diff --git a/dotnet/docs/api/class-page.mdx b/dotnet/docs/api/class-page.mdx
@@ -837,6 +837,8 @@ Page.FrameByUrl(url);
 
 When working with iframes, you can create a frame locator that will enter the iframe and allow selecting elements in that iframe.
 
+When called without [selector](/api/class-page.mdx#page-frame-locator-option-selector), the search starts in any frame on the page - the main frame or any of the iframes - so that you don't need to locate each iframe first. Note that the rest of the locator is resolved inside a single frame, just like any other locator. If it matches elements inside multiple frames, an error is thrown.
+
 **Usage**
 
 Following snippet locates element with text "Submit" in the iframe with id `my-frame`, like `<iframe id="my-frame">`:
@@ -846,10 +848,17 @@ var locator = page.FrameLocator("#my-iframe").GetByText("Submit");
 await locator.ClickAsync();
 ```
 
+Following snippet locates a button, either in the main frame or in one of the iframes:
+
+```csharp
+var locator = page.FrameLocator().GetByRole(AriaRole.Button);
+await locator.ClickAsync();
+```
+
 **Arguments**
-- `selector` [string]<a aria-hidden="true" tabIndex="-1" class="list-anchor-link" id="page-frame-locator-option-selector"/><a href="#page-frame-locator-option-selector" class="list-anchor">#</a>
+- `selector` [string]? *(optional)*<a aria-hidden="true" tabIndex="-1" class="list-anchor-link" id="page-frame-locator-option-selector"/><a href="#page-frame-locator-option-selector" class="list-anchor">#</a>
 
-  A selector to use when resolving DOM element.
+  A selector that matches the frame element. When not specified, locator is matched in any frame on the page.
 
 **Returns**
 - [FrameLocator]<a aria-hidden="true" tabIndex="-1" class="list-anchor-link" id="page-frame-locator-return"/><a href="#page-frame-locator-return" class="list-anchor">#</a>
@@ -1626,34 +1635,6 @@ Console.WriteLine(locator);
 
 ---
 
-### PierceFrames {/* #page-pierce-frames */}
-
-<font size="2" style={{position: "relative", top: "-20px"}}>Added in: v1.63</font><x-search>page.PierceFrames</x-search>
-
-When working with iframes, you can create a frame locator that will search for elements in the main frame and in all iframes on the page, so that you don't need to locate each iframe first.
-
-Note that all elements matching the locator must belong to a single frame. For example, if the page contains two iframes, each with a `Submit` button, piercing frames and locating a button will throw an error because it matches elements from multiple frames.
-
-**Usage**
-
-Following snippet locates a button, either in the main frame or in one of the iframes:
-
-```csharp
-var locator = page.PierceFrames.GetByRole(AriaRole.Button);
-await locator.ClickAsync();
-```
-
-**Arguments**
-- `options` `PagePierceFramesOptions?` *(optional)*
-  - `Pierce` [bool]? *(optional)*<a aria-hidden="true" tabIndex="-1" class="list-anchor-link" id="page-pierce-frames-option-pierce"/><a href="#page-pierce-frames-option-pierce" class="list-anchor">#</a>
-
-    Whether to pierce frames. Pass `false` to opt out of frame piercing enabled by the [PierceFrames](/api/class-browser.mdx#browser-new-context-option-pierce-frames) context option. Defaults to `true`.
-
-**Returns**
-- [FrameLocator]<a aria-hidden="true" tabIndex="-1" class="list-anchor-link" id="page-pierce-frames-return"/><a href="#page-pierce-frames-return" class="list-anchor">#</a>
-
----
-
 ### ReloadAsync {/* #page-reload */}
 
 <font size="2" style={{position: "relative", top: "-20px"}}>Added before v1.9</font><x-search>page.ReloadAsync</x-search>

diff --git a/dotnet/docs/auth.mdx b/dotnet/docs/auth.mdx
@@ -113,14 +113,15 @@ Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable("SESSION_STORAGE", sessionStorage);
 
 // Set session storage in a new context
 var loadedSessionStorage = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SESSION_STORAGE");
+var escapedSessionStorage = loadedSessionStorage.Replace("\\", "\\\\").Replace("'", "\\'");
 await context.AddInitScriptAsync(@"(storage => {
     if (window.location.hostname === 'example.com') {
       const entries = JSON.parse(storage);
       for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(entries)) {
         window.sessionStorage.setItem(key, value);
       }
     }
-  })('" + loadedSessionStorage + "')");
+  })('" + escapedSessionStorage + "')");
 ```